01: Introductions

Note: this is our outline for class. Every lecture will have a link like this one. I will plan to keep it posted afterwards so that you can refer back to it.

Some objects to identify:

Can you identify this object?
Have you seen it (or something like it) before?

What features about it can you describe?
What can you tell about when it was made?
If you cannot identify it: what information would you need in order to identify it? How might you get that information?

Cicero and De officiis

earliest manuscripts: Carolingian

Example of Cicero De inventione:

St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 820

Parchment · 88 pp. · 27.7/28.2 x 21/21.5 cm · St. Gall · 9th-10th century

Bœtius in Periermenias Aristotelis. Cicero, De inventione libri II; et alia.

Print:

Cicero, Marcus Tullius (c. 104–43 BCE).De officiis, and Paradoxa stoicorum.[Mainz]: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 1465. (First ed. Subiaco 1465); first classical book in print

Manuscript 1465 (Italian)

From Rome as city to Rome as Empire

Roman Forum (Gismondi model, 1933)

Major eras:
1. Kings
Traditional dates: 753-510 BCE

Palatine Huts

Palatine Huts, reconstruction

Republic
clusters of wealthy families
republican government: city offices, army
regional wars, alliances
victories over regional rivals; 90 BCE Roman citizenship across Italian peninsula

Carthaginians (Punic Wars) end 146 BCE
Rulers of Hellenistic regions in Mediterranean
Expansion into Celtic regions (Julius Caesar)

Map Roman Empire

Empire
Principate
“princeps,” “first citizen” (Octavian=Augustus):
27 BCE -19 CE Roman government, Roman Society
Family
paterfamilias
home and hearth Lares:
Vesta: hearth and fire

Rome Vesta 1