10: Recovery in the Sixteenth Century

Florence becomes an early modern state

hereditary ruler
territorial: from Florence to Tuscany
bureaucratic

Politics: from Republic to (Grand) Duchy

1512-27: Return of the Medici machine
1512 Siege of Florence

Maximilian, Julius II against French, Florence
Florentines expel Piero Soderini; pay off Spanish
exile rescinded for heirs of Lorenzo: (Piero d. 1503), Giuliano (Duke of Nemous), Giovanni (cardinal)

12 “Proctors of the Comune:” Giuliano a proctor

Michelangelo, tomb of Giuliano de’ Medici, d. 1516 (with Night and Day)

1513 Giovanni becomes Leo X (d. 1521)

Raphael, Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de’Medici and Luigi de’Rossi

Lorenzo di Piero (d. 1519) steps in for Giuliano

Michelangelo, Tomb of Lorenzo, with Dawn and Dusk

Giulio then placed in charge (Son of Giuliano killed in Pazzi conspiracy)
1522 failed plot to overthrow Medici
1523 (November) Giulio elected pope as Clement VII

Sebastiano del Piombo, ca.1485-1547, Clement VII

1524 Silvio Passerini, Cardinal of Cortona sent to Florence
1527 Sack of Rome

Family strategies: Medici (other families follow suit)

gain support of strongest families of northern Europe
pick up lordships in Italy
Exx: Giuliano (1479-1516) marries Filiberta of Savoy, aunt of Francis I (gains title Duke of Nemours)
Lorenzo di Piero (1492-1519) marries Madeleine, a cousin of Francis I
- daughter is future Catherine de Medici queen of France

1527-30: Last Republican Government
Savonarolan constitution of 1494 with updates

Clement VII: German wars of religion; Henry VIII’s divorce
remade alliance with HRE

Florence: alliance with French

1529-30 siege: Charles V