07 Religion and Food 2

Piety, Dissent, Practice: 1200-1500

  1.  new religious orders
  2. “Lay piety”
  3. heresy and dissent

poverty

prophecy

personal unity with God

return to apostolic life.

 

  Albigensians or Cathars.

  1. Italy, S. France, Rhineland

Bogomils

local origin

Dualist

World of spirit, world of flesh

  1.  no belief in incarnation of Christ or transubstantiation  (docetism)
  2. clergy were succeeded from Constantine, not Peter
  3. ascetics (vegetarians) “perfection”

especially appealing to women: egalitarian practices

Cathar  council 1167

other less extreme groups too ex: Waldensians

Political Response: Albigensian Crusade

Innocent III excommunicates a group of Cathars From the fourteenth century,
Chronique de France (Chronique de St Denis), British Library, Royal 16, g VI f374v.

Church Responses

Council of Verona 1184: inquisitors

     Friars

Compare with Benedictines; secular clergy

  Dominic and Order of Preachers (OP)

    Dominic of Osma  1170-1221

    Lateran IV (1216)

Allegory of the Dominicans as Domini canes; Fresco in S. Maria Novella, Florence,
by Andrea di Bonaiuto

    Ascetics; doctrine; preaching

 

  Francis and the Franciscans (OFM)

Francis of Assisi 1182

Giotto, Francis preaches to the birds

1210 first rule approved

Poor Clares

Altarpiece of St Clare, 1280s.  Monastery of Santa Chiara, Assisi

Ascetics; charity; preaching

  1. living life that copies that of Christ
  2. absolute hatred of money, insistence on poverty
  3. ascetic but take joy in nature; also preach publicly

 

Beguines: Northern Europe, ca 1200-1500

Vows to live simply and in community

Some women Bynum discusses were Beguines

Beguinage at Sint-Truiden with its chapel

 

1215 Lateran IV:

Beginning to recognize Dominicans (using Rule of St Augustine); limits on new orders

Annual confession and Eucharist (minimum)

 

Tertiaries:

started with Franciscans

Like beguines: vows but not necessarily permanent

emphasis on the eucharist

1264 Corpus Christi: Thomas Aquinas, St. Juliana of Liège

Corpus Christi Procession, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Manhattan

 

Catharine of Siena (1347-1380)

c of S

Catherine of Siena, The Orcherd of Syon

(Dialogo) , London: Wynken de Worde, 1519