16 European Renaissance
Ambrose Duboise, Allegory of Painting and Sculpture (Fontainebleau), ca 1600
Humanists and education
Broadening of “learned community”
universities
religious reform and faculties of theology
–religious curriculum reforms, humanist reforms
what changed at universities?
arts course: use of logic; textbooks, training of professors
study of “new” ancient languages added
Greek: at Cracow c. 1500; Alcalà c 1513; Leipzig 1515; Paris 1517 (unofficially earlier); Wittenberg 1518
Hebrew: Leuven 1517 (Trilingual College ); Heidelberg 1519; Basel 1529; Paris 1530.
religion and theology
Biblical study. Protestant regions and “sola scriptura”
confessional boundaries and locations for study
urban growth and education
vernaculars: modern languages vs Latin
role of ruler: how and why
chancery
- legal studies and political thought
- presentation of self: image
- prestige
- humanists aid in creating royal image
- example:Valois kings of France, mainly Francis I
Francis I ruled 1515-47
1530: Collège Royale (later College de France) at University of Paris
regius professors of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.
Guillaume Budé (1467-1540)
Portrait, ca 1526, by Jean Clouet ( d. 1540/41)
Commentaries on the Greek Language, 1529
Annotations on the Pandects (1508—on Justinian Code)
Publishers: Stephanus or Estienne (Robert, Henri)
chateau at Fontainebleau. Rebuilding began 1527
Emulation of Roman, Greek past and regional European pasts
France and Trojans
Welsh (John Dee) and Celtic legends
Garcilaso ‘el Inca’ (1539-1616), Peruvian humanist
House of Garcilaso in Cuzco, Peru
Rise of print industry
high risks, high profile
Robert Estienne and Estienne Press
Robert 1503-1559
Bible edition (1527-28)
1531: Latin dictionary
connections with King
Royal privilege
King’s printer for Hebrew, Latin works 1539, Greek 1540
official typeface: 1541 Claude Garamond
Stephanus numbers and Plato
Thesaurus linguae sanctae. Paris: Stephanus, 1548